Set up Windows 8 as a home server

If you have multiple PCs in your home or small office, you can save time and look professional by storing your documents and media on one PC and using network sharing to access them across all your computers and devices. This prevents you from having to store duplicate copies of files and reduces confusion when trying to find which PC a file is stored on. Additionally, you only really need to worry about backing up one PC (though for safety's sake you should always back up everything on a regular basis.)
Setting up your own Windows server is pretty simple: Microsoft actually created a Windows edition designed specifically for centralized storage and backup called Windows Home Server, but it was discontinued in 2011. Thankfully, Windows 8 sports new storage and backup features that make it uniquely suitable as an impromptu file server, and I'll walk you through the setup process in this article. Along the way we'll learn about the new Storage Spaces feature, file sharing with HomeGroups, streaming media via the network, backing up your files, and remotely accessing your storage when you’re away.

Creating Storage Spaces

Windows 8 includes a new file storage feature called Storage Spaces, and it's designed to protect against hard drive failures by making copies of your data and spreading it across multiple drives. It's a more cost effective, user-friendly solution than RAID drives and works much like the beloved Drive Extender feature in early editions of Windows Home Server.

You create and manage Storage Spaces via the Control Panel.

To get started, you should attach one or more internal or external drives to your Windows 8 PC and run Storage Spaces (the simplest way is to access your Start screen and type storage spaces). From there, create a storage pool and divide it up into one or more Storage Spaces, which will then appear and work just like any other drives in Windows. If you have two or more physical drives in the pool, you won’t lose your data if one (or even two) drives fail. You can also add more drives to the pool to expand its size at any time, making this a great way make use of any old storage drives you have laying around. If you need further help or step-by-step directions, refer to a past article on Storage Spaces.

Share your files on the network

Next you likely want to share your files, any printers you have attached, and any Storage Spaces you’ve created on the network so you can access them from other PCs and devices. If all your PCs are running Windows 7 or 8 consider using the HomeGroup feature, which lets you share your Libraries (Documents, Music, Pictures, and Videos) and printers. And since the HomeGroup is password-protected, you don’t have to worry about guests and visitors accessing your files. If you need help creating your HomeGroup refer to a past article, which is written for Windows 7 but details a process that works roughly the same for Windows 8 users.

You create and manage your HomeGroup via the Control Panel, also accessible from the Network and Sharing Center.

To share your Storage Space(s) in a HomeGroup you’ll have to add them to an existing shared Library or create a new Library and share it with your HomeGroup. And if you need help modifying or creating Libraries, we have a past article about that too!

Right-click a Storage Space drive to add it to a Library or make a new Library for it.

If you still have PCs running Windows Vista or XP, they can’t join a HomeGroup. So you’ll have to manually share drives and folders (discussed in yet another past article) on your Windows 8 server so all PCs can access them.

Right-click a Library (or any other file, folder, or drive) to share it with your HomeGroup.

Once all your PCs are sharing with the homegroup, you should have no trouble sharing documents back and forth across your home or office network. And if all you need is a way to easily share documents and files, congratulations! You're all done and your new network is ready to rock.

Streaming media across your network

If you have music, photos, or videos you’d like to play or view on other PCs or devices (gaming consoles, TVs, digital media players, etc), you’ll also want to set up media sharing on your Windows 8 server.
Once you’ve configured media streaming, you can use the “Play To” functionality of Windows 8 to remotely start streaming a media file to a supported PC or device on the network. You’ll see an option for this when browsing files in the traditional Windows desktop and in the new metro-style Windows 8 apps. You can also remotely view and play media from other PCs via Windows Media Player: you’ll see media libraries appear on the bottom left for PCs that are configured to share their media. And on other non-Windows devices, you may be able to browse and play/view your shared media.

The media streaming options are in the Network and Sharing Center.

To configure media sharing, turn on any PCs and other devices you want to be able to stream media to or from. For your Windows 8 server and other Windows PCs, open Windows Media Player, select Stream on the toolbar, and choose “Allow remote control of my player” and “Automatically allow devices to play my media”.
And then select “More streaming options”, where you can choose which PCs and devices are allowed access.

Access your files remotely with SkyDrive remote fetch

To access files on your Windows 8 server (or any other PC) when you’re out of your home or office, Microsoft provides the SkyDrive remote fetch feature. Once you install the Windows desktop app onto your PC you can remotely access any file on it via the SkyDrive website or on your mobile devices.

The website shows shortcuts for your PCs Favorite places, Libraries, and your drives.

You can download documents and files, preview photos, and play videos. You can also copy files to your SkyDrive drive so you can more easily share it among your devices or with others.

Backing up your "server"

Since you’ll be storing most of your files on your Windows 8 server, you should ensure you have a good backup solution in case files become corrupt or accidently deleted. Though Microsoft removed some backup features (like the ability to create complete backup or to backup files from any location) in Windows 8, its new File History feature provides a more automated and user-friendly solution.
Once you connect an external drive and enable File History, it automatically saves snapshots of all files in your Libraries. By default it’s set to save snapshots every hour for changed files. So if a file becomes corrupt, deleted, or you’d like a previous version of the file you can restore it.

You can manage File History and restore files from the Control Panel.

To include your Storage Space(s) in the File History backup you’ll have to add them to an existing shared Library or create a new Library, which you may have already done earlier in order to share your Storage Space(s) to your HomeGroup.
When you’re ready to enable File History, press the Win key to go to the Start screen, type “File History”, select Settings on the right, and then open File History.

Bonus round: Backing up other PCs to the “server”

There's one last trick you should know about: you can also use your Windows 8 server as a backup location for your other PCs. If you have other Windows 8 PCs and are using HomeGroup for sharing, you can enable the “Recommend this drive” option in the Advanced Settings of File History on your “server” PC.

Advanced settings of File History is where you can enable the “Recommend this drive” option.

That way you don’t have to hook up an external drive to each PC you want backed up with the File History feature; it can simply be backed up to the server via the network. For PCs with Windows 7 and earlier you can also utilize their automated backup systems and just point it to the network location of your impromptu server PC. If everything is working correctly, you should be master of your digital domain and have full control of your own small network with media streaming, data sharing and data redundancy at basically no extra cost.

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